democrazia diretta e partecipazione

il 6 novembre negli USA oltre al presidente, gli elettori votano 174 referendum

26 Ottobre 2012 // 6 Commenti »

di Paolo Michelotto

a livello nazionale gli USA non hanno nessun strumento di democrazia diretta. Ma a livello di più della metà dei singoli stati essa invece è praticata a livelli per noi italiani, inimmaginabile. Esiste infatti il referendum abrogativo, quello propositivo, sono sempre senza quorum di votanti e su tutti i temi (comprese quindi anche le tasse). E la revoca degli eletti.

Questo 6 novembre 2012 si svolgeranno contemporaneamente alle elezioni presidenziali (anche l’abbinamento del voto politico con il referendum è vietato in Italia) 174 referendum a livello dei singoli stati. Ecco la lista, impressionante per i nostri standard con il link ai loro contenuti. Inutile cercare di trovare un comune denominatore. Tutti i temi sono toccati, dalla vita alla morte, dai matrimoni all’uso della mariuana, dalle tasse ai privilegi dei politici, dalle scelte ambientali a quelle bancarie, dalla creazione di casinò al tentativo di eliminare la pena di morte, dall’aborto al sistema sanitario. Temi che non sono di destra o di sinistra, ma argomenti emersi dai cittadini e sui quali essi hanno il pieno diritto di esprimersi. Una vera celebrazione della democrazia. Io mi sono divertito a saltare da una iniziativa all’altra e a pensare: “Quando diventerà possibile tutto ciò anche in Italia?”
Sento che i tempi sono sempre più maturi e vicini.

• Alabama Health Care Amendment
• Alabama Forever Wild Land Trust Amendment
• Alabama Secret Ballot Amendment
• Alabama Segregation Reference Ban Amendment
• Alabama Assets and Liabilities Transfer Amendment
• Alabama Baldwin County Stockton Landmark District Amendment
• Alabama General Obligation Bond
• Alabama Banking Amendment
• Alabama Business Privilege Tax Amendment
• Alabama Legislative Compensation Amendment
• Alabama Lawrence County Amendment
• Alaska Constitutional Convention Question
• Alaska Transportation Project Bonds Question, Bonding Proposition A (2012)
• Arizona Crime Victims Protection Act Amendment
• Arizona Judicial Selection Amendment
• Arizona Property Tax Break For Business Equipment Amendment
• Arizona Declaration of State Sovereignty Amendment
• Arizona Permanent Funds Amendment (2012)
• Arizona State Trust Land Amendment (2012)
• Arizona Property Tax Assessed Valuation Amendment
• Arizona Sales Tax Renewal Amendment
• Arizona “Open Government Act” Initiative
• Arkansas Retail Project Amendment
• Arkansas Sales Tax Increase Amendment
• Arkansas Casino Amendment 1
• Arkansas Casino Amendment 2
• Arkansas Medical Marijuana Question
• California “Paycheck Protection” Initiative
• California Automobile Insurance Prices Based on History of Insurance Coverage
• California Referendum on the State Senate Redistricting Plan
• California End the Death Penalty Initiative
• “Californians Against Sexual Exploitation Act” Initiative
• California Repeal of the “Three Strikes Law”
• California Mandatory Labeling of Genetically-Engineered Food
• California Income Tax Calculations for Multistate Businesses
• California (Molly Munger’s) State Income Tax Increase to Support Education Initiative
• California (Jerry Brown’s) Sales and Income Tax Increase Initiative
• California Government Performance and Accountability Act/Two-Year Budget Cycle
• Colorado Marijuana Legalization Initiative
• Colorado Corporate Contributions Amendment
• Colorado State Personnel System Amendment
• Florida Health Care, Amendment 1
• Florida Veterans Property Tax, Amendment 2
• Florida State Revenue Limitation, Amendment 3
• Florida Property Tax, Amendment 4
• Florida Supreme Court, Amendment 5
• Florida Abortion, Amendment 6
• Florida Religious Freedom, Amendment 8
• Florida Appointment Process for State University System Board of Governors Revision, Amendment 12
• Florida Property Tax Exemption for Surviving Spouses, Amendment 9
• Florida Tangible Personal Property Tax Exemption, Amendment 10
• Florida Senior Homestead Tax Exemption, Amendment 11
• Georgia Charter Schools Amendment
• Georgia Multi-Year Rental Agreements Amendment
• Hawaii Dam and Reservoir Owners Assistance Amendment
• Hawaii Appointment of Retired Judges Amendment
• Idaho Education Reform Veto Referenda
• Idaho Hunting and Fishing Amendment
• Idaho State Prison Control Amendment
• Illinois Public Pension Amendment
• Kansas Boat Property Tax Amendment
• Kentucky Hunting and Fishing Amendment
• Louisiana Medicaid Trust Fund Amendment
• Louisiana Right to Bear Arms Amendment
• Louisiana Business Property Tax Exemption Amendment
• Louisiana Retirement Benefits Amendment
• Louisiana New Iberia Property Tax Exemption Amendment
• Louisiana Boards and Commissions Restructuring Amendment
• Louisiana Public Retirement Bill Filing Amendment
• Louisiana Property Tax Exemption for Veterans’ Spouses Amendment
• Louisiana Special District Creation Amendment
• Maine Same-Sex Marriage Question
• Maine Transportation Bond Question
• Maine Community College Bond Question
• Maine Community Water and Sewer Bond Question 1
• Maine Community Water and Sewer Bond Question 2
• Maryland Orphans’ Court Judge Qualifications
• Maryland In-State Tuition Referendum
• Maryland Elected Officials Removal from Office Amendment
• Maryland Orphans’ Court Judge Qualifications Amendment, Baltimore County
• Maryland Same-Sex Marriage Referendum
• Maryland Redistricting Referendum
• Maryland Gaming Expansion Question
• Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Initiative
• Massachusetts “Death with Dignity” Initiative
• Massachusetts “Right to Repair” Initiative
• Michigan Emergency Manager Referendum
• Michigan Renewable Energy Amendment
• Michigan Home Health Care Amendment
• Michigan “Protect Our Jobs” Amendment
• Michigan International Bridge Initiative
• Michigan Taxation Amendment
• Minnesota Same-Sex Marriage Amendment
• Minnesota Voter Identification Amendment
• Missouri Judicial Appointment Amendment
• Missouri Health Care Exchange Question
• Missouri Minimum Wage Initiative
• Missouri Municipal Police Amendment
• Montana Medical Marijuana Veto Referendum
• Montana Parental Notification Measure
• Montana Proof of Citizenship Question
• Montana Health Care Amendment
• Montana Corporate Contributions Initiative
• Nebraska Grounds for Impeachment Amendment
• Nebraska Hunting and Fishing Amendment
• Nebraska Legislative Salary Amendment
• Nebraska Term Limits Amendment
• Nevada Special Session Amendment
• New Hampshire Constitutional Convention Question
• New Hampshire State Court Amendment
• New Hampshire Income Tax Amendment
• New Mexico Senior Citizen Facility Improvement Bonds, Bond Question A (2012)
• New Mexico Library Acquisition and Construction Bonds, Bond Question B (2012)
• New Mexico Higher Education and Special Schools Bonds, Bond Question C (2012)
• New Mexico Judicial Standards Amendment
• New Mexico Public Defender Office Amendment
• New Mexico Public Regulation Commissioner Qualifications Amendment
• New Mexico Public Regulation Commission Corporation Chartering Amendment
• New Mexico Public Regulation Commission Insurance Division Amendment
• New Jersey Salary and Benefits Amendment
• New Jersey State College Bond Issue
• North Dakota Poll Tax Amendment, Measure 1
• North Dakota Oaths of Office Amendment, Measure 2
• North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment
• North Dakota Prevention of Animal Cruelty Initiative
• North Dakota Smoking Ban Initiative
• Ohio Constitutional Convention Question
• Ohio Redistricting Amendment
• Oklahoma Affirmative Action Ban Amendment
• Oklahoma Property Tax Amendment
• Oklahoma Governor in the Parole Process Amendment
• Oklahoma Reserve Fund Amendment
• Oklahoma Public Welfare Amendment
• Oklahoma Intangible Tax Ban Amendment
• Oregon Government Branches Amendment
• Oregon Catastrophic Disaster Amendment
• Oregon Real Estate Transfer Tax Amendment
• Oregon Cannabis Tax Act Initiative
• Oregon Gillnet Fishing Initiative
• Oregon Privately-Owned Casinos Amendment
• Oregon Estate Tax Phase-Out Initiative
• Oregon Corporate Tax “Kicker” Funds for Education Initiative
• Oregon Multnomah County Casino Initiative
• Rhode Island Casino Gambling Amendment
• Rhode Newport Grand Casino Amendment
• Rhode Island Higher Education Bonds Question
• Rhode Newport Veterans’ Home Bond Question
• Rhode Island Clean Water Finance Bond Question
• Rhode Newport Environmental Management Bonds Question
• Rhode Island Affordable House Bonds Question
• South Carolina Gubernatorial Elections Amendment
• South Dakota Corporate Language Amendment
• South Dakota Legislative Travel Reimbursement Amendment
• South Dakota Budget Balance Amendment
• South Dakota Cement-Plant Trust Amendment
• South Dakota Tax Revenues for Grants Referendum
• South Dakota Sales Tax Increase Measure, Initiated Measure 15
• South Dakota Teachers Union Veto Referendum
• Utah Severance Tax Amendment, Constitutional Amendment A (2012)
• Utah Military Property Tax Exemption Amendment, Constitutional Amendment B (2012)
• Virginia Eminent Domain Amendment
• Virginia Veto Session Amendment, Question 2
• Washington Marijuana Legalization and Regulation, Initiative 502
• Washington Same-Sex Marriage Veto Referendum, Referendum 74
• Washington Charter School Initiative
• Washington Two-Thirds Vote Required to Raise Taxes, Initiative 1185
• Washington Public University Investments Amendment
• Washington State Debt Amendment
• Washington Pollution Liability Insurance Measure (2012)
• Washington Omnibus Tax Preference Measure (2012)
• West Virginia County Sheriff Term Limit Amendment
• Wyoming Health Care Amendment
• Wyoming Hunting Rights Amendment
• Wyoming District Court Commissioners Amendment

Postato in democrazia diretta USA

Capitolo 4 La Democrazia Diretta negli USA

3 Novembre 2008 // Nessun commento »

Prima pagina del capitolo 4 del libro Democrazia dei Cittadini

Capitolo 4  La Democrazia Diretta negli USA

Per vent’anni, ho predicato agli studenti di Princeton che il Referendum e la Revoca degli eletti era spazzatura. Da allora ho approfondito e voglio scusarmi con quegli studenti. Questi strumenti sono la salvaguardia della politica. Tolgono potere ai capi dei partiti e lo mettono nelle mani della gente.
Woodrow Wilson 1911 (28° presidente USA)

Fino dal 1640 nei villaggi del New England gli uomini liberi si riunivano per approvare leggi che avrebbero governato la loro vita.
Dopo la guerra di indipendenza con l’Inghilterra, il dibattito su come governare un grande e per l’epoca, popoloso (già oltre i 4 milioni di abitanti), paese come gli USA fu ampio e controverso. C’era chi voleva adottare i principi della Democrazia come applicati dagli ateniesi e dai comuni italiani del medioevo e chi invece preferiva la forma della Repubblica con i rappresentanti eletti che dovevano legiferare a nome del popolo. Prevalse questa ultima tesi.
Ciò nonostante nel 1780 la costituzione del Massachusetts fu approvata con un referendum popolare. Entro la fine del diciannovesimo secolo quasi tutte le costituzioni dei singoli stati vennero ratificate con voto popolare.
Jefferson, il terzo presidente degli USA e uno dei principali autori della Dichiarazione d’Indipendenza, riteneva che il volere del popolo è l’unico legittimo fondamento di ogni…

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